A set of four English elm dining chairs 18th century, each having a dual tiered spindle back set with vertical bobbin turned spindles, the rush seat raised on tapering circular legs with pad feet united by conforming cross stretchers
- Rush Seating - Associated with country style chairs, stools and settees, rush seats are woven from rushes, with the pattern of the weaving often dividing the the chair seat diagonally into four triangles.
The weaving of rushes has been practiced for centuries, and it is believed that some early rush seats of the 18th and 19th century were painted, although common practice now is to leave the rush in its natural state. As the rush ages the colour
Rushes of the type used in Europe for seating are not available in Australia, and instead fibre rush, a man-made product from one-ply twisted paper, is used. Another substitute material is twisted natural sea grass.
Seats in Danish furniture of the 1950s were often finished with Danish cord, a three ply twisted paper cord, which has a similar appearance to rush.
- Spindles - Short turned pieces, used as stretchers or back supports mainly in cottage chairs, couches and day beds. Turned shelf supports and the railings used in the backs and arms of day beds during the late 19th century are also referred to as spindles. Until the coming of the industrial age, spindles, like all turned pieces, were made by hand, and should show some slight variation. With the introduction of the factory lathe, spindles and turned legs became quite uniform and standard.
- Bobbin Turning - This turning resembles a series of compressed spheres, not unlike a row of beads or bobbins. Commonly associated with Jacobean-style furniture, bobbin turning is also found on a wide variety of small cedar and pine tables and washstands made in Australia during the late 19th century and up to the first world war.
- Pad Foot - In furniture design, a pad foot refers to a type of
furniture foot that is shaped like a flattened ball or pad. It is a common
design element in traditional furniture styles, particularly in English and
American furniture from the 18th and 19th centuries. The pad foot is typically
wider than it is tall, with a broad, flat surface that rests directly on the
floor. It is often carved or turned with decorative details, such as fluting or
ridges, and can be made from a variety of materials, such as wood, metal, or
leather.
Pad feet are used to support the legs of various types of
furniture, such as chairs, tables, and cabinets. They are often used in
combination with other types of feet, such as bun feet or bracket feet, to
create a more complex and decorative furniture design. In terms of
functionality, pad feet provide stability and support to furniture pieces, and
can help distribute the weight of the piece evenly across the floor. In terms
of design, they add a classic and traditional look to furniture designs, and
are often used to create a sense of elegance and refinement.
- Turning - Any part of a piece of furniture that has been turned and shaped with chisels on a lathe. Turned sections include legs, columns, feet, finials, pedestals, stretchers, spindles etc. There have been many varieties and fashions over the centuries: baluster, melon, barley-sugar, bobbin, cotton-reel, rope-twist, and so on. Split turning implies a turned section that has been cut in half lengthwise and applied to a cabinet front as a false decorative support.
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